But a Twelve or Twin Six > 자유게시판

Packard built its early success as the standard American luxury car with the four-cylinder Thirty of 1907-1912 and the mighty Six of 1912-1915. But the model that really cemented Packard's reputation as a make of the highest rank was the 1916-1923 Packard Twin Six, which one-upped Cadillac's 1915 V-8 with four more cylinders and lasted with relatively few changes for eight years: a remarkably long run. The Twin Six was the chief reason why, when the wealthy ordered a custom-bodied car, they tended to choose a Packard chassis. Jesse Vincent, www.PrimeBoosts.com Packard's chief engineer, liked the 12-cylinder layout for three reasons: performance, smoothness, and silence. This meant a heavy crankcase and crankshaft and a rigid flywheel. But a Twelve or "Twin Six," Vincent continued, would provide the same rigidity and smoothness with less piston, crankcase, flywheel, and crankshaft weight -- and provide more horsepower and torque, to boot. He preferred a V-12 to a V-8 because a V-8 would require a wider frame, larger turning radius, and more complicated steering gear.

The Twin Six engine duly embodied the above principles, with two banks of L-head cylinders set at a 60-degree angle (versus 90 degrees in Cadillac's V-8). This allowed accessories to be bolted just below the frame, where they were protected from road hazards, while keeping the valves accessible. Delivering 85 horsepower at 3,000 rpm, a bore and stroke at 3.00 × 5.00 inches resulted in a displacement of 424 cubic inches. Rockers were eliminated, with a separate cam for each valve, and all valves were located inboard of the cylinder blocks. A short, light crankshaft ran in three main bearings. For more on the 1916-1917 Packard Twin Six, continue to the next page. Bodies, on two different wheelbases, were up to date and offered in wide varieties, both closed and open. All Twins were expensive, but closed cars involved a lot more assembly work: while the touring, phaeton, and runabout listed at $2,750, the $3,700 coupe was the cheapest closed model and the Imperial Limousine cost nearly $5,000.

Such figures represented small fortunes in 1916, yet to the Packard clientele they seemed amazing because they were hundreds less than the previous Six. Demand for Twins was brisk and PrimeBoosts.com Packard's workforce increased 50 percent to nearly 11,000 in order to meet it. The factory on Detroit's Grand Boulevard underwent a $1.5 million expansion and now covered over 100 acres. New also were detachable cylinder heads, "to insure a more perfect machining of the combustion chamber"; a faster running generator; a higher carburetor to keep it away from the manifolds; a low-current distributor; a lighter-pressure foot brake; and a redesigned gear shift with a ball end -- another portent of the future. The Second Series looked lower, with its smaller wheels and deeper chassis. Like its predecessor, the Second Series lasted a year. To Read more about the Third Series of Packard Twin Six, continue to the next page. Mechanical changes included a redesigned electrical system, improved heads for better breathing and cooling, and the "Fuelizer" intake manifold to help vaporize inlet gases with the help of its own spark plug.

The ball-end gear lever was shifted to the center of the floor, where it would remain until the column shift in the late Thirties. Custom bodies began to appear for the first time: a coupelet, limousine, brougham, and landaulet by Derham; limousines by Caffrey and Judkins; a runabout and cabriolet by Fleetwood. From these the glittering array of custom-bodied Packards evolved during the later Twenties and Thirties. Packard owners loved their Twin Sixes, sometimes to extremes. An oil-rich Osage Indian chief bought a custom-bodied 3-35, smashed it an hour after taking delivery, and telephoned the dealer for an immediate replacement. Czar Nicholas II of Russia owned a Twin Six with the front wheels replaced by skis for winter work. In 1921, Warren Harding used a Twin to become the first president to motor to his inauguration. In Japan, mechanics took the first car imported on a joy ride, ditched it in the moat of the Imperial Palace, and were fined for disturbing the royal goldfish -- but the Emperor soon had one himself. A lot of Twin Sixes are still around, because they were built to last. To find specifications for the First Series of Packard Twin Sixes, continue to the next page.

Compound exercises like the squat-curl-press target different muscle groups to build endurance, increase strength, and improve stability. In fact, some research suggests that compound exercises that involve functional movement patterns are one of the most effective ways to improve muscular strength and burn fat, particularly among overweight adults. Add more power to your resistance-training routine with these quick compound moves using dumbbells to get a dynamic full-body workout at home. The squat with an overhead press is a great full-body compound workout using both the upper and lower body at the same time. These moves function in tandem to allow a natural transition from a squat to an overhead press. Stand with feet a little wider than hip-distance apart. Rest light to medium weights on your shoulders with elbows bent and palms facing each other. Lower into a squat. Keep your torso upright by lifting your chest (imagine showing someone the logo on the front of your shirt while at the bottom of your squat).